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做好这19点，防水工程不再有质量问题！
在检查防水工程施工中，小编汇总了19条常见质量问题，各位防水人可参考对照，看一看自己的工程中是不是也存在这些问题？
In the construction of waterproof engineering, Xiaobian summed up 19 common quality problems. You can refer to the comparison of waterproofing people. Do you have any problems in your project?
1、存在问题：
1. There are problems:
沿沟底或预制檐沟的接头处，屋面与天沟交接处裂缝，沟底渗漏水。
The joint groove or prefabricated roof and gutter gutter at the junction of the crack, the ditch seepage Water Leakage.
原因分析：
Cause analysis:
天沟、檐沟的结构变形，温差变形导致裂缝，防水构造层不符合要求，水落口杯直径太小或堵塞造成溢水、漏水。
Gutter and eaves structure deformation, temperature deformation leads to cracks, waterproofing layer does not meet the requirements, water cup diameter is too small or blockage caused by overflow, Water Leakage.
预控措施或方法：
Pre control measures or methods:
沟内防水层施工前，先检查预制天沟的接头和屋面基层结合处的灌缝是否严密和平整，水落口杯要安装好，排水坡度不宜小于 1％，沟底阴角要抹成圆弧，转角处阳角要抹成钝角，用与卷材同性质的涂膜做防水增强层，沟与屋面交接处空铺宽为200mm的卷材条，防水卷材必须铺到天沟外邦顶面。见下图做法。
In the construction of waterproof layer, check the roof gutter and prefabricated joints with seam filling is tight and smooth the water cup to install a good drainage slope should not be less than 1%, the ditch inside corner to wipe into a circular corner, corner to put into use and obtuse angle, with the nature of the waterproof coating the enhancement layer, and the roof ditch junction empty shop width coil 200mm, waterproof material must be spread to the nations top gutter. See the practice below.
2、存在问题：
2. There are problems:
屋面山墙、女儿墙泛水处渗漏。
The roof, gable parapet flashing leaks.
原因分析：
Cause analysis:
1）材料收头构造不合理，卷材张口没有订牢，封口处未用密封材料密封或封闭不严。
1) the structure of the material is not reasonable, the opening of the rolling material is not fixed, the sealing material is not sealed or closed with sealing material.
2）女儿墙压顶板抹灰层开裂，雨水沿墙面进入；
2) the parapet wall plaster layer capping plate cracking, along the wall into the rain;
3）砌眉砖抹灰层开裂或后浇混凝土挑檐开裂。
3) brick masonry eyebrow crack of the plaster layer or after concrete cracking cornice.
预控措施或方法：
Pre control measures or methods:
砖砌女儿墙高度较低时，卷材收头可直接铺至女儿墙压顶下，用金属压条钉压固定，并用密封材料封闭严密，压顶上部抹灰放坡端部抹鹰嘴滴水。见下图做法。
Brick parapet height is lower when the coiled material can be directly laid to the parapet top, with metal strips pinning fixation, and sealing materials are tightly closed, the upper end of the sloping top plastering with olecranon drop. See the practice below.
3、存在问题：
3. There are problems:
屋面水落口处渗漏。
The leaking roof outfall.
原因分析：
Cause analysis:
1）返坡；
1) back slope;
2）水落口安装不牢，嵌缝不严，未做密封处理；
2) outfall installation is not strong, sealing lax, do not seal the deal;
3）防水层和附加层做法不正确。
3) the waterproof layer and the additional layer are not correct.
预控措施或方法：
Pre control measures or methods:
1）水落口安装时位置、标高、坡向要正确。标高不得过高也不宜过低。水落口标高应考虑排水坡度和找平层、保温层、防水层等的厚度；
1) outfall installation locations, elevation, slope to the right. It should not be too high to be too high or too low. Outfall should consider drainage slope and elevation leveling layer, insulating layer, waterproof layer thickness etc.;
2）水落口安装时与女儿墙或屋面板四周应用细石砼（掺膨胀剂）嵌填密实，安装牢固；
2) outfall installation and parapet wall or roof panel around the application of fine stone concrete (expansive agent) filling the dense, firm installation;
3）水落口周围直径500mm范围内坡度不应小于5%，水落口与基层接触处，应留宽20mm，深20mm凹槽，嵌填密封材料。见下图
3) water around the mouth within 500mm diameter should not be less than 5% slope Shuila mouth contact with the grassroots, should leave 20mm wide and 20mm deep groove filled sealing material. See the following figure
4、存在问题：
4. There are problems:
屋面变形缝（双墙变形缝、高低跨度变形缝）处漏水。
The roof deformation joint (double wall deformation joint, high and low span deformation joint) leaks water.
原因分析：
Cause analysis:
1）屋面变形缝构造做法未按设计要求施工；
1) the construction method of roof deformation seams has not been constructed according to the design requirements.
2）屋面变形缝预制砼压顶板接缝处未用密封材料嵌缝或因抹灰开裂；
2) joints of precast concrete roof pressure joint sealing material for sealing or not for plastering crack and deformation of roof;
3）金属压顶板搭接处焊缝开焊。
3) metal capping plate lap seam welding.
预控措施或方法：
Pre control measures or methods:
1）屋面变形缝应按设计要求认真施工，同时满足变形及膨胀的要求，见下图；
1) the roof deformation joints should be carefully constructed according to the design requirements and meet the requirements of deformation and expansion.
2）预制砼压顶板每块接缝处做好嵌填密封膏，抹灰时做好泛水找坡；
2) precast concrete roof pressure of each joint to block packing paste, plastering flashing sloping well;
3）采用镀锌钢板压顶时，接缝处应卷边搭接或焊接牢固。当变形缝与女儿墙相交处，金属板要交圈。
3) made of galvanized steel ring, crimping or lap joints shall be welded firmly. When the deformation of joints and parapet at the intersection, the metal plate to ring.
5、存在问题：
5. There are problems:
伸出屋面管道根部渗漏。
Protruding the root of the roof pipe.
原因分析：
Cause analysis:
1）出屋面管道根部与找平层未留20×20mm凹槽嵌填密封材料；
1) no 20 x 20mm grooves are embedded in the root of the roofing pipe and the leveling layer.
2）防水附加层做法不细；
2) the waterproofing additional layer is not fine.
3）卷材防水上部收头未加套箍，卷材老化开裂剥离。
3) the coiled material is waterproof on the upper end without the hoop, and the rolled material is aging and cracking and peeling off.
预控措施或方法：
Pre control measures or methods:
1）伸出屋面管道周围的找平层应抹成圆锥台，管道与找平层间应留20×20mm凹槽，并用密封材料填塞密实；
1) the leveling layer around the roof pipe should be put into a conical table, and the 20 * 20MM grooves should be left between the pipe and the leveling layer, and the sealing material is stuffed and dense.
2）管根卷材附加层必须严格按工艺要施工，两层附加层，其中一层的一半剪成条状与基层粘贴，另一半卷上管根部（高度大于250mm），搭接不少于100mm，另一附加层压在锯齿上将缝隙遮挡；
2) the additional layer of pipe root coiled material must be strictly constructed according to the technology, and the two layer additional layer. One half of one layer is cut into strips and pasted on the base. The other half is on the pipe root (height is greater than 250mm), the lap is not less than 100mm, and the other additional layer is used to block the gap in the sawtooth.
3） 防水卷材收头必须加金属套箍箍紧，并用密封材料封严，见下图。
3) waterproofing rolls must be tightened with metal hoops and sealed with sealing materials to see the following drawings.
6、存在问题：
6. There are problems:
层面卷材起鼓。
The layer rolls up the drum.
原因分析：
Cause analysis:
1）卷材防水层粘结不实；
1) the coiled material waterproof layer is not true.
2）在卷材防水层中粘结不实的部位，有水分和气体。水分来源于找平层，现浇找坡层和保温层中含水量过高，当其受阳光照射后体积膨胀而造成卷材鼓泡。
2) there is water and gas in the unbonded parts of the coil waterproof layer. The water is derived from the leveling layer, and the water content in the cast and heat preservation layer is too high.
预控措施或方法：
Pre control measures or methods:
1）防水层铺贴前，基层应干净、干燥；
1) before the waterproof layer is laid, the base should be clean and dry.
2）基层干燥有困难时，应采用排气措施。其主要做法：
2) when it is difficult to dry at the base, the exhaust measures should be adopted. Its main practice:
a.利用找坡、找平层设置的分格缝作为排汽道，作排汽道时，分格缝适当加宽为30mm，排汽管在分格缝交叉处及找坡最高点，排气口宜设在通风道或女儿墙处，铺设卷材时，分格缝处增一层附加层，宽度宜为100mm，一般将附加层卷材折起，一半与基层点粘，另一半空铺， 这样可充分发挥卷材的抗拉性，延长使用寿命，然后再大面积铺设防水卷材。
Using A. to find the slope, the grid leveling layer set joint as exhaust steam passage, as exhaust passage, joint 30mm appropriate widening sub grid, exhaust pipe in dividing joint crossing and sloping top, exhaust ventilation should be set up in the road or parapet, laying material, by dividing joint an additional layer, the width should be 100mm, the additional layer of coil folded, and the other half base sticky point, half empty shop, this can give full play to tensile membrane, prolong the service life, and then a large area laying waterproof material.
b.排汽道纵横贯通，设置间距宜为6m，并与排气孔相通，排汽孔处应做好防水处理。见下图。
The B. exhaust channel is connected vertically and horizontally, and the spacing should be 6m, and it is connected with the exhaust hole. The waterproof treatment should be done at the exhaust hole. See the following picture.
7、存在问题：
7. There are problems:
屋面卷材防水层接缝处漏水。
The waterproofing layer of roofing is leaking at the seam.
原因分析：
Cause analysis:
1）防水卷材铺贴方向或搭接方向不正确；
1) the direction of the waterproof roll and the direction of the lap is not correct.
2）防水卷材短边和相邻两幅卷材长、短边接搭宽度不符合要求；
2) the width of the long and short side of the short side of the waterproof roll and the adjacent two rolling materials is not in conformity with the requirements.
3）高分子防水卷材搭接部位未采用接缝专用胶粘剂粘合和材料性相溶的密封材料封严。
3) the overlapped parts of the polymer waterproof roll have not been bonded with special adhesives for seaming and sealing material phase sealing material.
预控措施或方法：
Pre control measures or methods:
1）卷材铺贴方向应按屋
1) the direction of the coiled material paving should be according to the house
In the construction of waterproof engineering, Xiaobian summed up 19 common quality problems. You can refer to the comparison of waterproofing people. Do you have any problems in your project?
1、存在问题：
1. There are problems:
沿沟底或预制檐沟的接头处，屋面与天沟交接处裂缝，沟底渗漏水。
The joint groove or prefabricated roof and gutter gutter at the junction of the crack, the ditch seepage Water Leakage.
原因分析：
Cause analysis:
天沟、檐沟的结构变形，温差变形导致裂缝，防水构造层不符合要求，水落口杯直径太小或堵塞造成溢水、漏水。
Gutter and eaves structure deformation, temperature deformation leads to cracks, waterproofing layer does not meet the requirements, water cup diameter is too small or blockage caused by overflow, Water Leakage.
预控措施或方法：
Pre control measures or methods:
沟内防水层施工前，先检查预制天沟的接头和屋面基层结合处的灌缝是否严密和平整，水落口杯要安装好，排水坡度不宜小于 1％，沟底阴角要抹成圆弧，转角处阳角要抹成钝角，用与卷材同性质的涂膜做防水增强层，沟与屋面交接处空铺宽为200mm的卷材条，防水卷材必须铺到天沟外邦顶面。见下图做法。
In the construction of waterproof layer, check the roof gutter and prefabricated joints with seam filling is tight and smooth the water cup to install a good drainage slope should not be less than 1%, the ditch inside corner to wipe into a circular corner, corner to put into use and obtuse angle, with the nature of the waterproof coating the enhancement layer, and the roof ditch junction empty shop width coil 200mm, waterproof material must be spread to the nations top gutter. See the practice below.
2、存在问题：
2. There are problems:
屋面山墙、女儿墙泛水处渗漏。
The roof, gable parapet flashing leaks.
原因分析：
Cause analysis:
1）材料收头构造不合理，卷材张口没有订牢，封口处未用密封材料密封或封闭不严。
1) the structure of the material is not reasonable, the opening of the rolling material is not fixed, the sealing material is not sealed or closed with sealing material.
2）女儿墙压顶板抹灰层开裂，雨水沿墙面进入；
2) the parapet wall plaster layer capping plate cracking, along the wall into the rain;
3）砌眉砖抹灰层开裂或后浇混凝土挑檐开裂。
3) brick masonry eyebrow crack of the plaster layer or after concrete cracking cornice.
预控措施或方法：
Pre control measures or methods:
砖砌女儿墙高度较低时，卷材收头可直接铺至女儿墙压顶下，用金属压条钉压固定，并用密封材料封闭严密，压顶上部抹灰放坡端部抹鹰嘴滴水。见下图做法。
Brick parapet height is lower when the coiled material can be directly laid to the parapet top, with metal strips pinning fixation, and sealing materials are tightly closed, the upper end of the sloping top plastering with olecranon drop. See the practice below.
3、存在问题：
3. There are problems:
屋面水落口处渗漏。
The leaking roof outfall.
原因分析：
Cause analysis:
1）返坡；
1) back slope;
2）水落口安装不牢，嵌缝不严，未做密封处理；
2) outfall installation is not strong, sealing lax, do not seal the deal;
3）防水层和附加层做法不正确。
3) the waterproof layer and the additional layer are not correct.
预控措施或方法：
Pre control measures or methods:
1）水落口安装时位置、标高、坡向要正确。标高不得过高也不宜过低。水落口标高应考虑排水坡度和找平层、保温层、防水层等的厚度；
1) outfall installation locations, elevation, slope to the right. It should not be too high to be too high or too low. Outfall should consider drainage slope and elevation leveling layer, insulating layer, waterproof layer thickness etc.;
2）水落口安装时与女儿墙或屋面板四周应用细石砼（掺膨胀剂）嵌填密实，安装牢固；
2) outfall installation and parapet wall or roof panel around the application of fine stone concrete (expansive agent) filling the dense, firm installation;
3）水落口周围直径500mm范围内坡度不应小于5%，水落口与基层接触处，应留宽20mm，深20mm凹槽，嵌填密封材料。见下图
3) water around the mouth within 500mm diameter should not be less than 5% slope Shuila mouth contact with the grassroots, should leave 20mm wide and 20mm deep groove filled sealing material. See the following figure
4、存在问题：
4. There are problems:
屋面变形缝（双墙变形缝、高低跨度变形缝）处漏水。
The roof deformation joint (double wall deformation joint, high and low span deformation joint) leaks water.
原因分析：
Cause analysis:
1）屋面变形缝构造做法未按设计要求施工；
1) the construction method of roof deformation seams has not been constructed according to the design requirements.
2）屋面变形缝预制砼压顶板接缝处未用密封材料嵌缝或因抹灰开裂；
2) joints of precast concrete roof pressure joint sealing material for sealing or not for plastering crack and deformation of roof;
3）金属压顶板搭接处焊缝开焊。
3) metal capping plate lap seam welding.
预控措施或方法：
Pre control measures or methods:
1）屋面变形缝应按设计要求认真施工，同时满足变形及膨胀的要求，见下图；
1) the roof deformation joints should be carefully constructed according to the design requirements and meet the requirements of deformation and expansion.
2）预制砼压顶板每块接缝处做好嵌填密封膏，抹灰时做好泛水找坡；
2) precast concrete roof pressure of each joint to block packing paste, plastering flashing sloping well;
3）采用镀锌钢板压顶时，接缝处应卷边搭接或焊接牢固。当变形缝与女儿墙相交处，金属板要交圈。
3) made of galvanized steel ring, crimping or lap joints shall be welded firmly. When the deformation of joints and parapet at the intersection, the metal plate to ring.
5、存在问题：
5. There are problems:
伸出屋面管道根部渗漏。
Protruding the root of the roof pipe.
原因分析：
Cause analysis:
1）出屋面管道根部与找平层未留20×20mm凹槽嵌填密封材料；
1) no 20 x 20mm grooves are embedded in the root of the roofing pipe and the leveling layer.
2）防水附加层做法不细；
2) the waterproofing additional layer is not fine.
3）卷材防水上部收头未加套箍，卷材老化开裂剥离。
3) the coiled material is waterproof on the upper end without the hoop, and the rolled material is aging and cracking and peeling off.
预控措施或方法：
Pre control measures or methods:
1）伸出屋面管道周围的找平层应抹成圆锥台，管道与找平层间应留20×20mm凹槽，并用密封材料填塞密实；
1) the leveling layer around the roof pipe should be put into a conical table, and the 20 * 20MM grooves should be left between the pipe and the leveling layer, and the sealing material is stuffed and dense.
2）管根卷材附加层必须严格按工艺要施工，两层附加层，其中一层的一半剪成条状与基层粘贴，另一半卷上管根部（高度大于250mm），搭接不少于100mm，另一附加层压在锯齿上将缝隙遮挡；
2) the additional layer of pipe root coiled material must be strictly constructed according to the technology, and the two layer additional layer. One half of one layer is cut into strips and pasted on the base. The other half is on the pipe root (height is greater than 250mm), the lap is not less than 100mm, and the other additional layer is used to block the gap in the sawtooth.
3） 防水卷材收头必须加金属套箍箍紧，并用密封材料封严，见下图。
3) waterproofing rolls must be tightened with metal hoops and sealed with sealing materials to see the following drawings.
6、存在问题：
6. There are problems:
层面卷材起鼓。
The layer rolls up the drum.
原因分析：
Cause analysis:
1）卷材防水层粘结不实；
1) the coiled material waterproof layer is not true.
2）在卷材防水层中粘结不实的部位，有水分和气体。水分来源于找平层，现浇找坡层和保温层中含水量过高，当其受阳光照射后体积膨胀而造成卷材鼓泡。
2) there is water and gas in the unbonded parts of the coil waterproof layer. The water is derived from the leveling layer, and the water content in the cast and heat preservation layer is too high.
预控措施或方法：
Pre control measures or methods:
1）防水层铺贴前，基层应干净、干燥；
1) before the waterproof layer is laid, the base should be clean and dry.
2）基层干燥有困难时，应采用排气措施。其主要做法：
2) when it is difficult to dry at the base, the exhaust measures should be adopted. Its main practice:
a.利用找坡、找平层设置的分格缝作为排汽道，作排汽道时，分格缝适当加宽为30mm，排汽管在分格缝交叉处及找坡最高点，排气口宜设在通风道或女儿墙处，铺设卷材时，分格缝处增一层附加层，宽度宜为100mm，一般将附加层卷材折起，一半与基层点粘，另一半空铺， 这样可充分发挥卷材的抗拉性，延长使用寿命，然后再大面积铺设防水卷材。
Using A. to find the slope, the grid leveling layer set joint as exhaust steam passage, as exhaust passage, joint 30mm appropriate widening sub grid, exhaust pipe in dividing joint crossing and sloping top, exhaust ventilation should be set up in the road or parapet, laying material, by dividing joint an additional layer, the width should be 100mm, the additional layer of coil folded, and the other half base sticky point, half empty shop, this can give full play to tensile membrane, prolong the service life, and then a large area laying waterproof material.
b.排汽道纵横贯通，设置间距宜为6m，并与排气孔相通，排汽孔处应做好防水处理。见下图。
The B. exhaust channel is connected vertically and horizontally, and the spacing should be 6m, and it is connected with the exhaust hole. The waterproof treatment should be done at the exhaust hole. See the following picture.
7、存在问题：
7. There are problems:
屋面卷材防水层接缝处漏水。
The waterproofing layer of roofing is leaking at the seam.
原因分析：
Cause analysis:
1）防水卷材铺贴方向或搭接方向不正确；
1) the direction of the waterproof roll and the direction of the lap is not correct.
2）防水卷材短边和相邻两幅卷材长、短边接搭宽度不符合要求；
2) the width of the long and short side of the short side of the waterproof roll and the adjacent two rolling materials is not in conformity with the requirements.
3）高分子防水卷材搭接部位未采用接缝专用胶粘剂粘合和材料性相溶的密封材料封严。
3) the overlapped parts of the polymer waterproof roll have not been bonded with special adhesives for seaming and sealing material phase sealing material.
预控措施或方法：
Pre control measures or methods:
1）卷材铺贴方向应按屋
1) the direction of the coiled material paving should be according to the house
