防水材料品种繁多，按其主要原料分为4类:①沥青类防水材料。以天然沥青、石油沥青和煤沥青为主要原材料，制成的沥青油毡、纸胎沥青油毡、溶剂型和水乳型沥青类或沥青橡胶类涂料、油膏，具有良好的粘结性、塑性、抗水性、防腐性和耐久性。②橡胶塑料类防水材料。以氯丁橡胶、丁基橡胶、三元乙丙橡胶、聚氯乙烯、聚异丁烯和聚氨酯等原材料，可制成弹性无胎防水卷材、防水薄膜、防水涂料、涂膜材料及油膏、胶泥、止水带等密封材料，具有抗拉强度高，弹性和延伸率大，粘结性、抗水性和耐气候性好等特点，可以冷用，使用年限较长。③水泥类防水材料。对水泥有促凝密实作用的外加剂，如防水剂、加气剂和膨胀剂等，可增强水泥砂浆和混凝土的憎水性和抗渗性;以水泥和硅酸钠为基料配置的促凝灰浆，可用于地下工程的堵漏防水。④金属类防水材料。薄钢板、镀锌钢板、压型钢板、涂层钢板等可直接作为屋面板，用以防水。薄钢板用于地下室或地下构筑物的金属防水层。薄铜板、薄铝板、不锈钢板可制成建筑物变形缝的止水带。金属防水层的连接处要焊接，并涂刷防锈保护漆。
There are many kinds of waterproof materials, which can be divided into four categories according to their main raw materials: ① asphalt waterproof materials. With natural asphalt, petroleum asphalt and coal asphalt as the main raw materials, the asphalt felt, paper-based asphalt felt, solvent type and water emulsion type asphalt or asphalt rubber type coating and ointment are made, which have good adhesion, plasticity, water resistance, corrosion resistance and durability. ② Rubber plastic waterproof materials. With neoprene, butyl rubber, EPDM, PVC, polyisobutylene and polyurethane and other raw materials, it can be made into elastic tire free waterproof roll, waterproof film, waterproof coating, coating material and sealing materials such as ointment, mastic and waterstop. It has the characteristics of high tensile strength, high elasticity and elongation, good adhesion, water resistance and weather resistance, and can be used cold, Long service life. ③ Cement waterproof materials. The admixtures, such as water-proof agent, air entraining agent and expansion agent, can enhance the hydrophobicity and impermeability of cement mortar and concrete, and the cement and sodium silicate as the base material can be used for plugging and waterproofing of underground engineering. ④ Metal waterproof materials. Steel sheet, galvanized steel sheet, profiled steel sheet, coated steel sheet, etc. can be directly used as roof slab to prevent water. Sheet steel is used for metal waterproof layer of basement or underground structure. Thin copper plate, thin aluminum plate and stainless steel plate can be made into waterstop of building deformation joint. The joint of metal waterproof layer shall be welded and painted with antirust protective paint.