防水怎么做才算到位？

How to make waterproof?

防水就像保险，如果没出状况，投入的钱相当于“白花了”；不过一旦出了问题，防水能给你把损失和麻烦降到最低。

Waterproof is like insurance. If it doesn't work out, the money invested will be "wasted"; however, once something goes wrong, waterproof can minimize the loss and trouble.

什么是防水

What is waterproof

防水的本质作用是“临时排水”而不是“长期蓄水”，属于“缓兵之计”，避免意外的漏水给楼下的楼顶、墙面等造成损失和维修的麻烦。

The essential function of waterproof is "temporary drainage" rather than "long-term water storage", which belongs to "slow down strategy", to avoid accidental water leakage causing loss and maintenance trouble to the roof and wall below.

通俗的说，防水的作用是当出现漏水意外（爆水管等）情况，能让这些水顺利排到下水管去，而不是兜着水来养鱼。

Generally speaking, the function of water-proof is to let the water drain to the sewer smoothly when there is an accident of water leakage (such as burst of water pipe), rather than to raise fish with water.

哪里需要防水

Where waterproof is needed

洗手间、厨房、阳台。

Toilets, kitchens, balconies.

土豪家里有鱼池、喷水池、泳池、天棚种植、房顶也是需要做的。

Tuhao family has fish pond, spray pool, swimming pool, canopy planting, roof is also needed to do.

商品房建筑多为浇注楼板，可能的渗水点在地面、墙面交界，或排污管边缘，这里是防水的重点处理位置。

Most commercial buildings are cast floor slabs, and the possible seepage point is at the junction of the ground and the wall, or at the edge of the sewage pipe, which is the key treatment location for waterproofing.

所以最好能在刷防水时，这些边缘位置做出R角防水坎加固。

Therefore, it is better to make R-angle waterproof sill reinforcement at these edge positions when brushing waterproof.

厨房和阳台要不要做

Do you want to make the kitchen and balcony

开放阳台、厨房建议尽量做。封闭阳台可以不做。

Open balcony, kitchen suggest to do as much as possible. Closed balcony can not do.

相关专题：厨房要做防水吗？

Related topic: should the kitchen be waterproof?

防水刷多高

How high is the waterproof brush

主要根据用水处高度判断

Mainly based on the height of water use

淋浴区：180cm或者做到顶

Shower area: 180cm or ceiling

洗手盆：150cm（洗手盆高30cm）

Wash basin: 150cm (height of wash basin: 30cm)

阳台厨房：30cm（有人喜欢把橱柜洗菜区背面刷高点到150cm，兴哥觉得没必要，橱柜有台面有挡水设计）

Balcony kitchen: 30cm (some people like to brush the high point of the back of the kitchen area to 150cm, Xingge doesn't think it's necessary, there is a water blocking design on the counter top of the kitchen)

防水怎么做

How to make waterproof

一般2~3遍，两遍之间要求施工方向相互垂直，两遍间隔5小时以上（如果天气湿度大，需要适当延长，以表面干透不粘手为标准）

Generally 2-3 times, the construction direction between the two times is required to be perpendicular to each other, and the interval between the two times is more than 5 hours (if the weather is humid, it needs to be extended appropriately, with the surface dry and non stick as the standard)

这个是装修工程中属于入门级别，动手能力不错的朋友可以试试。

This is the decoration project belongs to the entry level, hands-on ability good friends can try.

同层排水VS跨层排水

Drainage on the same floor vs drainage across floors

两者区别如下图所示，同层排水（沉箱式／沉降式）卫生间，需要在沉箱处做好二次排水，避免沉箱积水导致水渗透到楼下。

The difference between the two is shown in the figure below. For the toilet with the same floor drainage (caisson type / settlement type), the secondary drainage shall be done at the caisson to avoid the water seepage to the downstairs caused by the caisson ponding.

跨层排水做闭水试验相对简单，刷好防水后封住排水口，在门口的位置筑好挡水坡，蓄水开始试验。

It is relatively simple to conduct closed water test for cross layer drainage, seal the drainage outlet after painting the waterproof, build the water retaining slope at the door position, and start the test of water storage.

二次排水

Secondary drainage

二次排水只能做在同层排水，应对水管破裂等意外情况，排空沉箱中的积水。

The secondary drainage can only be done in the same layer, and the accumulated water in the caisson shall be drained in case of water pipe rupture and other accidents.

二次防水侧面示意图

Schematic diagram of secondary waterproof side